GYNAECOLOGY - is the field dealing with female diseases or science dealing with the health of the female reproductive system (Vagina, Uterus and ovaries). Literary it means science of women. 

The main conditions dealt in Gynaecology:

• Infections of the vagina (vaginitis), cervix and uterus (including fungal, bacterial, viral, and protozoal).
• Incontinence of urine
• Amenorrhoea (absent menstrual periods)
• Dysmenorrhoea (painful menstrual periods)
• Infertility
• Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual periods); a common indication for hysterectomy
• Cancer and pre-cancerous diseases of the reproductive organs including ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva
• Prolapse of pelvic organs
• Adolescent problems
  
• Menopause

Some of the more common operations that gynaecologists perform include:

• PAP smear test (Papanicolaou test) is done for used to detect potentially pre-cancerous and cancerous processes in the endocervical canal (transformation zone) of the woman's reproductive system.

• Dilation and curettage (removal of the uterine contents for various reasons, including completing a partial miscarriage and diagnostic sampling for dysfunctional uterine bleeding refractive to medical therapy).

• Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus).

• Oophorectomy (removal of the ovaries).

• Tubal ligation (a type of permanent sterilization).

• Hysteroscopy (inspection of the uterine cavity).

• Colposcopy (inspection of Cervix and vagina).

• Diagnostic laparoscopy – used to diagnose and treat sources of pelvic and abdominal pain; perhaps most famously used to provide a definitive diagnosis of endometriosis.

• Exploratory laparotomy – may be used to investigate the level of progression of benign or malignant disease, or to assess and repair damage to the pelvic organs.

• Various surgical treatments for urinary incontinence, including cystoscopy and sub-urethral slings.

• Surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse, including correction of cystocele and rectocele.

• Cervical Excision Procedures (including cryosurgery) – removal of the surface of the cervix containing pre-cancerous cells which have been previously identified on Pap smear.